Marie-Hélène VANDERSMISSEN, Paul VILLENEUVE, Marius THÉRIAULT. Effects of geographical mobility and accessibility on occupational mobility of women. (3 tabl., 4 fig.)
As in most western countries, feminisation has probably been the most significant change occurring in the Quebec labour market in the last twenty years. The rise of female-headed single-parent families contributes to the resulting need for women to be breadwinners. However, there still is a strong wage differential between men and women, and part of it may be due to the spatial conditions that affect access to employment. In this paper, we examine the relations between spatial mobility of women, job accessibility and occupational mobility over the last twenty years in the Quebec urban region. Results show that better job accessibility, longer female work commutes and better car access had a significant effect on the female employment rate and on the upward occupational mobility of women between 1977 and 1996.
keyword: GEOGRAPHICAL MOBILITY, JOB ACCESSIBILITY, OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY, PATH ANALYSIS, WOMEN
Claire DUJARDIN. Border effect and spatial interaction. Commuting patterns and the linguistic border in Belgium (4 tabl., 6 fig.)
The purpose of this paper is to show up and quantify the effect of the linguistic border on commuting patterns between administrative districts in Belgium. This is achieved through an analysis of the residuals of spatial interaction models (cartography and permeability index). The results show that the linguistic border exerts a reduction effect on commuting and suggest the need to take regional adherence into account in the formulation of spatial interaction models applied to Belgian data.
keyword: BELGIUM, COMMUTING, LINGUISTIC BORDER, SPATIAL INTERACTION
Serge SCHMITZ. Research on relevant environment. A contribution to a geography of sensibility
Which factors heighten sensitivity to environmental changes? The answer to this question is of interest to everyone who acts on the environment. However, methods and concepts still need to be explored before a geography of sensibility could respond to this demand. This paper presents the methodological contributions and results of an exploratory study of the sensibilities of 65 residents of a Belgian rural municipality. Factors related to the environmental change, to the individual and to the relationship between the individual and place are analysed.
keyword: ENVIRONMENT, GEOGRAPHY OF SENSIBILITY, LIFEWORLD, PERCEPTION, TERRITORIAL SENSITIVITY
Gian Paolo TORRICELLI. Structural change and the organisation ot mountainous territories: the case of Switzerland (6 fig.)
This article looks at changes in spatial organisation and in the relationship between towns and mountain areas in Switzerland in the 1990s. The first part is an analysis of income in different regions and shows variations in wealth distribution. The second part uses a double factor analysis to examine trends in the location of the population and businesses between 1991 and 1998, using data from employment statistics for the countrys 106 spatial mobility zones.
The new spatial organisation of Switzerland territories seems to be underpinned by two trends: an acceleration in the concentration of activities (and income) around the main urban centres, particularly Zurich and Basle; and a considerable increase in the spread of the population outside urban zones, particularly in the Alpine and pre-Alpine regions. The result is a broad area where population dynamics are centred on employment and where, as a result of recent crises, the population has dwindled. These changes, which should be seen as a spatial effect of economic deregulation, pose real problems in terms of geographical mobility, which has consequently become an important issue for the territorial development of the Alpine region.
keyword: ALPS, FACTOR ANALYSIS IN PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS, GLOBALISATION, LOCATION, FACTOR ANALYSIS, SPATIAL ORGANISATION, SWITZERLAND, URBANISATION
Hélène BLAIS. Finding the «best» geographical name. French travellers and the naming of Oceanian islands in the 19th century (1 fig.)
French travellers on scientific and trade missions to the Pacific in the early 19th century set out to add more detail to the cartography of the European explorers of the Enlightenment. In this undertaking, the island toponyms proved to be of considerable importance, in terms of political appropriation and geographical control of the territory. The apparent concern to reproduce indigenous names and to find adequate terms to designate and identify the islands was not devoid of contradictions. This article highlights these contradictions in an attempt to shed light on the formation and identification of a vast insular territory.
keyword: DISCOVERY, HISTORY OF GEOGRAPHY, PACIFIC, TOPONYMY, VOYAGE
Emmanuelle BOULINEAU. Drawing boundaries: Emmanuel de Martonne and Romania (2 tabl., 3 fig., 1 encadré)
The French geographer Emmanuel de Martonne was invited as an expert to take part in a study committee in preparation for the 1919 Peace Conference. This paper first analyses the criteria and geographical tools used in his survey of Romanian regions, notably the French concept of region and ethnic maps. It then qualifies the way the survey was taken into account at the Peace Conference and the geographers role in drawing boundary lines. Lastly, it studies the impact of de Martonnes contribution, made under circumstances of war, to the development of geography as a science.
keyword: APPLIED GEOGRAPHY, BANAT, BOUNDARY, EMMANUEL DE MARTONNE, ETHNIC MAP, REGION, ROMANIA
Book reviews
In this issue of l’Espace géographique, you will find critical reviews of the following books
ANDRE P., DELISLE Cl., REVERET J.-P., SENE A. (1999). L’Évaluation des impacts sur L’environnement. Processus, acteurs et pratiques. Montréal: Presses internationales polytechniques, 416 p.
BERTRAND Jean-René, CHEVALIER Jacques, DODIER Rodolphe, GASNIER Arnaud (2000). Le Mans - Peut-on changer la ville? Paris: Anthropos, coll. «Villes», 220 p.
BUTTIMER A., BRUNN SUD, WARDENGA U., dir. (1999). Text and Image, Social Construction of Regional Knowledges. Leipzig: Beiträge zur regionalen Geographie, vol. 49, 304 p.
DI MEO Guy (1999). Géographie sociale et territoires. Paris: Nathan, coll. «U», 315 p.
DUHEM G., GRESILLON B., KOHLER D. (2000). Paris-Berlin, regards croisés. Paris: Anthropos, 260 p.
GEMDEV (1999). Mondialisation. Les mots et les choses, Paris: Karthala (ouvrage coordonné par M. Beaud, O. Dollfus, C. Grataloup, P. Hugon, G. Kebadjian, J. Lévy).
POUZOULET Catherine (2000). New York, New York, espace, pouvoir, citoyenneté dans une ville-monde. Paris: Belin, 348 p.
ROUGERIE G. (2000). L’Homme et son milieu. L’évolution du cadre de vie. Une approche de la géographie globale ou comment L’homme interagit avec L’écosystème. Paris: Nathan, 288 p.
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